Inkcazo kunye neMvelaphi yeChip
I-Chip - igama eliqhelekileyo kwiimveliso zecandelo le-semiconductor, iisekethe ezidibeneyo, ezifinyeziweyo njenge-IC; okanye i-microcircuits, ii-microchips, ii-wafers / chips, kwi-electronics yindlela yokwenza iisekethe ezincinci (ingakumbi izixhobo ze-semiconductor, kodwa kunye namacandelo angenayo, njl.) kwaye amaxesha ngamaxesha zenziwe kumphezulu we-semiconductor wafers.
Ukusukela ngo-1949 ukuya ku-1957, iiprototypes zaphuhliswa nguWerner Jacobi, uJeffrey Dummer, uSidney Darlington, uYasuo Tarui, kodwa isekethe yale mihla ehlanganisiweyo yaqanjwa nguJack Kilby ngowe-1958. Wawongwa ngeBhaso leNobel leFiziksi ngo-2000, kodwa uRobert Noyce waphuhliswa ngexesha elifanayo 19.
Inzuzo enkulu yechip
Emva kokuveliswa kunye nokuveliswa kobuninzi bee-transistors, amacandelo ahlukeneyo e-solid-state semiconductor afana ne-diode kunye ne-transistors asetyenziswe ngamanani amakhulu, atshintshe umsebenzi kunye nendima ye-vacuum tubes kwiisekethe. Phakathi ukuya ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-semiconductor yenza ukuba iisekethe ezidityanisiweyo zenzeke. Xa kuthelekiswa neesekethe ezidityanisiweyo ezisebenzisa izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezidityanisiweyo, iisekethe ezidibeneyo zinokudibanisa inani elikhulu le-micro-transistors kwi-chip encinci, eyinkqubela enkulu. Ubungakanani bemveliso, ukuthembeka, kunye nendlela eyimodyuli yoyilo lwesekethe yeesekethe ezidityanisiweyo ziqinisekisa ukwamkelwa ngokukhawuleza kweesekethe ezidityanisiweyo ezisemgangathweni endaweni yokuyila ngee-transistors ezidityanisiweyo.
Iisekethe ezidityanisiweyo zineengenelo ezimbini ezinkulu ngaphezulu kwe-discrete transistors: iindleko kunye nokusebenza. Ixabiso eliphantsi libangelwa kukuba i-chip iprinta onke amacandelo njengeyunithi, kunokuba yenze i-transistor enye kuphela ngexesha. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kubangelwa amacandelo atshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwaye asebenzise amandla amancinci ngenxa yokuba amacandelo amancinci kwaye asondelene. Ngo-2006, indawo yetshiphu isuka kwi-square millimeters ukuya kwi-350 mm² kwaye inokufikelela kwisigidi seetransistors ngemm².
(Kunokubakho ii-transistors ezibhiliyoni ezingama-30 ngaphakathi!)
Isebenza njani itshiphu
I-chip yisekethe edibeneyo equkethe inani elikhulu le-transistors. Iichips ezahlukeneyo zinobukhulu obahlukeneyo bokudityaniswa, ukusuka kumakhulu ezigidi; ukuya kumashumi okanye amakhulu eetransistors. I-Transistors inamazwe amabini, i-on and off, emelwe ngu-1 kunye no-0. I-Multiple 1 kunye ne-0s eveliswa ngama-transistors amaninzi, abekwe kwimisebenzi ethile (okt, imiyalelo kunye nedatha) ukumela okanye ukucubungula iileta, amanani, imibala, imifanekiso, njl. Emva kokuba i-chip inikwe amandla, iqala ivelise umyalelo wokuqalisa ukuqala i-chip, kwaye kamva igcina ifumana imiyalelo emitsha kunye nedatha ukugqiba umsebenzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-03-2019
